The ameliorative effect of silicon and potassium on drought stressed grape (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IR of Iran. P. O. Box: 34148-96818.

2 MSc, Department of Biotechnology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IR of Iran.

Abstract

 
The effect of sodium silicate (Si) and potassium (K) were investigated on the major antioxidant enzyme activities in two different grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L., cvs Yezandai and Malinger Ramfi) under drought stress. The traits included superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and also physiological traits such as leaf water content ratio (LWCR), chlorophyll (Chl), soluble protein contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) accumulation. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design including four treatments i.e. the control, drought, Si-drought (0.004 M sodium silicate/kg soil), and K-drought (0.004 M potassium phosphate/kg soil) with three replications in a green house. Drought stress caused a considerable decrease in LWCR, chlorophyll and soluble protein contents. In contrast, compared with the plants treated with drought, applied Si and K significantly enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, GPX and APX. Under drought stress Pro and GB increased. The results indicated that Si and K offset partially the negative impacts of drought stress by increasing the tolerance of grapevine through rising antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment.
 

Keywords

References

Abdel-Wahab M., and Abd-Alla M. H. (1995). The role of potassium fertilizer in nodulation and nitrogen fixation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants under drought stress. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 20: 147–150
Aebi H. E. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymol, 105: 121–126.
Akitha-Devi M. K., and Giridhar P. (2015). Variations in Physiological Response, Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Proline and Isoflavones Content in Soybean Varieties Subjected to Drought Stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 85: 35–44.
Arnon D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast, Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24: 1–15.
Bates L. S., Waldren R. P., and Teare I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free Pro for water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39: 205–217
Beauchamp F., and Fridovich I. (1971). Superoxide dismuta-se: cadmium assay and an assay applicable to acryl amide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276–287.
Bradford M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248–254.
Cakmak I. (2005). The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168: 521–530.
Caoa B., Mab Q., Zhaoa Q., Wanga L., and Xua K. (2015). Effects of silicon on absorbed light allocation, antioxidant enzymes and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in tomato leaves under simulated drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 194: 53–62.
Chance B., and Maehly A. (1955). Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods in Enzymol, 2: 764–817.
Chen S., Cui X., Chen Y., Chunsun G., Miao H., Haishun G., Chen F., Liu Z., Guan Z., and Fang W. (2011). CGDREBA transgenic chrysanthemum confers drought and salinity tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 74: 255– 260.
Chen W., Yao X., Cai K., and Chen J. (2011). Silicon Alleviates Drought Stress of Rice Plants by Improving Plant Water Status, Photosynthesis and Mineral Nutrient Absorption. Biological Trace Element Research, 142: 67–76.
Duli Z., Oosterhuis D. M., and Bednarz C. W. W. (2001). Influence of Potassium Deficiency on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Content, and Chloroplast Ultra-structure of Cotton Plants. Photosynthetica, 39: 391/page/103–109.
Epstein E. (1999). Silicon. Plant Physiology, 50: 641– 664.
Fariduddin Q., Khanam S., Hasan S. A., Ali B., Hayat S., and Ahmad A. (2009). Effect of 28–homobrassinolide on the drought stress-induced changes in photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Brassica juncea L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31: 889–897.
Foyer C. H., Lelandais M., and Kunert K. J. (1994). Photooxidative stress in plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 92: 696–717.
Gong H., Zhu X., Chen K., Wang S., and Zhang C. (2005). Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Science, 169: 313–321.
Grieve C. M., and Grattan S. R. (1983). Rapid assay for determination of water soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant Soil, 70: 303–307.
Hart M. A., Tyson H., and Bloomberg B. (1971). Measurement of activity of peroxidase isoenzymes in flax (Linum usitatissimum). Canadian Journal of Botany, 49: 2129–2137.
Hattori T., Inanaga S., Araki H., An P., Morita S., Luxova M., and Lux A. (2005). Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in sorghum bicolor. Physiologia Plantarum, 123: 459–466.
Jiao-jing L., Shao-hang L., Pei-lei X., Xiu-juan W., and Ji-gang B. (2009). Effects of exogenous silicon on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in chilling-stressed cucumber leaves. Agricultural Sciencees in China, 8: 1075–1086.
Jiménez A., Hernández J. A., del-Río L. A., and Sevilla F. (1997). Evidenc for the presence of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in mitochondria and peroxisomes of pea leaves. Plant Physiology, 114: 275–284.
Jonathan N. E., Fred T., Davies J. R., and Malcolm C. D. (2001). Effect of potassium on drought resistance of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cv. Leprechaun: Plant growth, leaf macro- and micronutrient content and root longevity. Plant Soil, 229: 213–224.
Laemmli U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227: 680–685.
Liang Y., Chen Q., Liu Q., Zhang W., and Ding R. (2003). Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 160: 1157–1164.
Ma, J. F., and Yamaji N. (2006). Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends in Plant Science, 8: 397–392.
Nahar K., Hasanuzzaman M., Mahabub-Alam M., and Fujita M. (2015). Glutathione-induced drought stress tolerance in mung bean: coordinated roles of the antioxidant defence and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. AOB Plants, 7: doi:10.1093/aobpla/plv069.
Nakano Y., and Asada K. (1987). Purification of ascorbate peroxidase in spinach chloroplast: in inactivation in ascorbate-depleted medium and reactivation by monodehydroascorbate radical. Plant Cell Physiology, 28: 131–140.
Oncel I., Keles Y., and Ustun A. S. (2000). Interactive of temperature and heavy metal stress on the growth and some biological compounds in wheat seedling. Environmental Pollution, 107: 315–320.
Ozden M., Demirel U. and Kahraman A. (2009). Effects of proline on antioxidant system in leaves of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) exposed to oxidative stress by H2O2. Scientia Horticulturae. 119: 163–168.
Ranjan R., Bohra S. P., and Jeet A. M. (2001). Book of plant senescence. New York: Jodhpur, Agrobios. pp. 18–42.
Robertson E. F., Dannelly H. K., Malloy P. J., and Reeves H. C. (1987). Rapid isoelectric focusing in a vertical polyacrylamide minigel system. Analytical Biochemistry, 167: 290–294.
Rybicki E., and Purves M. (2003). SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Department of micro-biology. University of Cape Town.
Salekjalali M., Haddad R., and Jafari B. (2012). Effects of soil water shortages on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of chlorophylls and proteins in barley. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 12: 57–63.
Sang G. K., Ki W. K., Eun W. P., and Doil C. (2002). Silicon-induced cell wall fortification of rice leaves: A possible cellular mechanism of enhanced host resistance to blast. Phytopathology, 92: 1095–1103.
Shen X., Zhou Y., Duan L., Li Z. H., Eneji A. E., and Li J. (2010). Silicon effects on photosynthesis and antioxidant parameters of soybean seedlings under drought and ultraviolet-B radiation. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167: 1248–1252.
Shigeoka S., Ishikawa T., Tamoi M., Miyagawa Y., Takeda T., Yabuta Y., and Yoshimura K. (2002). Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. Journal of Exprimental and Botanical, 53: 1305–1319.
Soylemezoglu G., Demir K., Inal A., and Gunes A. (2009). Effect of silicon on antioxidant and stomatal response of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) rootstocks grown in boron toxic, saline and boron toxic-saline soil. Scientia Horticulturae, 123: 240–246.
Tale-ahmad S., and Haddad R. (2011). Study of silicon effects on antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment of wheat under drought stress. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 47: 17–27.
Thakur P., Kumar S., Malik J. A., Berger J. D., and Nayyar H. (2010). Cold stress effects on reproductive development in grain crops: an overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67: 429–443.
Tian F., Gong J., Zhang J., Zhang M., Wang G., Li A., and Wang W. (2013). Enhanced stability of thylakoid membrane proteins and antioxidant competence contribute to drought stress resistance in the tasg1 wheat stay greenmutant. Journal of Exprimental and Botanical, 30: 1–12.
Tripathi D. K., Singh V. P., Gangwar S., Prasad S. M., Maur-ya J. N., and Chauhan D. K. (2014). Role of silicon in en- richment of plant nutrients and protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. Improvement of Crops in the Era of Cli-matic Changes, 39–56.
Urbanek H., Kuzniak-gebarowska E., and Herka K. (1991). Elicitation of defense response in bean leaves by Botrytis Cinereapolygalactronase. Acta physiology Plant, 13: 43–50.
Wright H., Delong J., Lada R., and Prange R. (2009). The relationship between water status and chlorophyll a fluorescence in grapes (Vitis spp.). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 51: 193–199.
Zhang W., Tian Z., Pan X., Zhao X., and Wang F. (2013). Oxidative stress and non-enzymatic antioxidants in leaves of three edible canna cultivars under drought stress. Horticultural Environment Biotechnology, 54: 1–8.
Zhu Z., Wei G., Li J., Qian Q., and Yu J. (2004). Silicon alleviates Salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Sciences, 167: 527–533.
Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 8
October 2015
Pages 48-58

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 July 2016
  • Accept Date: 11 July 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics